埋地(di)電纜(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)測試儀的主要(yao)步驟(zou)如下：

1.電(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)可(ke)以通過(guo)自(zi)然(ran)判(pan)斷(duan)來確定(ding)。主要(yao)包括主絕(jue)緣故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)和超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)外護套故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)兩種類型。絕(jue)緣故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)主要(yao)包括低阻(zu)(zu)接(jie)地(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、開(kai)路故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、漏電(dian)高(gao)(gao)阻(zu)(zu)抗(kang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)和閃(shan)(shan)絡高(gao)(gao)阻(zu)(zu)抗(kang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。首先(xian)，可(ke)以使用(yong)(yong)(yong)接(jie)地(di)絕(jue)緣表(biao)或萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)來測(ce)試故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的性質(zhi)，然(ran)后采用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)查(cha)找器測(ce)量(liang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)距(ju)離。對于低電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)接(jie)地(di)或開(kai)路故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，可(ke)以直(zhi)接(jie)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)查(cha)找器的低壓(ya)脈沖(chong)法進(jin)行測(ce)量(liang)；對于閃(shan)(shan)絡高(gao)(gao)阻(zu)(zu)抗(kang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，則需要(yao)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)接(jie)閃(shan)(shan)光法來測(ce)試故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)距(ju)離；而對于高(gao)(gao)漏電(dian)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，則一般采用(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)脈沖(chong)放電(dian)法來進(jin)行測(ce)量(liang)。

2.只需尋找(zhao)路徑（若路徑明(ming)確(que)，則(ze)可將此步驟保存）。在搜索路徑時，將交流信號（路徑信號發(fa)生器）加入到電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中。利用(yong)電(dian)磁感應原理，接收(shou)器接收(shou)信號并沿著信號的路徑移動，以確(que)定(ding)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的路徑。

3.埋(mai)地電纜故障測試儀(yi)是根據測量的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離來進(jin)行(xing)定(ding)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理是利用故障點產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)閃絡放電產生聲波，并通過(guo)耳機(ji)來聽到(dao)聲音(yin)，從(cong)而確定(ding)故障點的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置。要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障定(ding)位，需要(yao)具備豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障查找經驗進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析。