什么是電(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)(jie)地故(gu)障(zhang)？簡單來說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)(jie)地故(gu)障(zhang)是指電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)金屬護套或絕緣層與地面直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)，導致電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)電(dian)(dian)流無(wu)法正常流動(dong)，從而(er)影響電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)的(de)正常運行(xing)。電(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)(jie)地故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)主要原因(yin)包括電(dian)(dian)纜老化、機械損傷(shang)、土壤濕度過高(gao)等(deng)。

電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)接地故(gu)障的主要表現(xian)形式(shi)有兩種(zhong)：一種(zhong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的金屬護套或(huo)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)與地面直接接觸，形成明顯(xian)的接地現(xian)象；另一種(zhong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的金屬護套或(huo)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)雖然未(wei)與地面直接接觸，但由于腐蝕、磨(mo)損等原因(yin)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)阻值大大降(jiang)低，導致電(dian)(dian)流無(wu)法正常流動。

對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接(jie)(jie)地故(gu)(gu)(gu)障的(de)識(shi)別，主要依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障測(ce)試(shi)儀進行(xing)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障測(ce)試(shi)儀可以(yi)通過向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)發送(song)高頻脈沖信(xin)號，然(ran)后(hou)接(jie)(jie)收反射回來的(de)信(xin)號，通過分析反射信(xin)號的(de)特性，判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)否存(cun)在接(jie)(jie)地故(gu)(gu)(gu)障。此外，還可以(yi)通過測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值，判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)否存(cun)在接(jie)(jie)地故(gu)(gu)(gu)障。

對(dui)于電纜接地故(gu)障的處(chu)理，主(zhu)要有以下幾種方法：

重新(xin)接地(di)：如果電纜的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)護套或絕緣層與(yu)地(di)面(mian)直接接觸(chu)，可以通過重新(xin)接地(di)的(de)方法進行處(chu)理(li)。即在電纜與(yu)地(di)面(mian)之間加入(ru)一個電阻值適當的(de)接地(di)線(xian)，使電纜的(de)電流能夠正常流動。

更換電纜：如果電纜的(de)金屬(shu)護(hu)套或絕(jue)緣層由于腐蝕(shi)、磨損等原(yuan)因，其電阻值大(da)大(da)降低，可能(neng)需(xu)要更換新(xin)的(de)電纜。

加強維(wei)護(hu)：對于由于機械損傷、土壤濕(shi)度(du)過高等原因導(dao)致的電(dian)(dian)纜接地(di)故(gu)障，可以通過加強維(wei)護(hu)的方法(fa)進行(xing)處理(li)(li)。例(li)如，定(ding)期(qi)檢查電(dian)(dian)纜的運行(xing)狀態，及時清理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)纜周圍(wei)的雜物，保持電(dian)(dian)纜周圍(wei)的土壤濕(shi)度(du)適中等。